Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy and Yaloms Therapy Model

Table of Contents Theory Group Membership Aims and Objectives Process Structure Conclusion Reference List A number of approaches have been developed by various theorists and psychologists in order to help at managing psychological disorders. Cognitive behavior group therapy and Yalom’s therapy model are considered to be one of the most reliable approaches to evaluate problems within dysfunctional emotions and behaviors. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy and Yalom’s Therapy Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this paper, these two models will be analyzed and evaluated in terms of their similarities and differences: the essence of Yalom’s model and cognitive behavior group therapy model, their objectives and structures, and group membership. Theory Cognitive behavior group therapy, also known as CBGT, is an approach that is used during the group therapy in order to treat different variants of social phobia. CBGT is one of those models, which can be used in treatment under certain inpatient settings (Christner et al., 2007, p. 509). Yalom’s therapeutic model assumes that interpersonal interaction is essential for the success of group therapy. Yalom himself suggested that change through group therapy is a complicated process that is facilitated by interplay of human experiences, which he considered as the therapeutic factors. The theory of cognitive behavior group therapy is based on the ability to conceptualize information for each member of the group and the group as one whole. It is necessary to identity the problem that causes psychological problems and working on the problem so as find workable solutions based on the problems. This model utilizes the Socrates’ way of knowledge unlike the Yalom’s model because the therapists have a desire to know much about the client using the technique of questioning. It is also based on educational model of doing things with the assumptions that all behaviors and attitudes adopted by individuals are all acquired through learning process (Montgomery, 2002, p. 34). In cognitive behavior group therapy, the goals of the entire process are set in accordance to the existing problems. It is then that thinking behaviors that are at the center of the behavior problem are modified. On the other hand, Yalom based his practice on the importance of therapeutic factors in finding solutions to psychological problems.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some of the factors include instilling hope in the patients in order to help them manage their own problems. Therefore. in terms of theory, the two models are different in their own fundamental principles that guide their functionality to the patients. Group Membership The two models tend to be joined by the fact that b oth of them place much emphasis on the importance and relevance of here and now theory in group therapy. Concerning group membership, I can note that with cognitive behavior group therapy it can be applied to a group of people only. Membership is limited to the one therapist to provide services to a number of clients. This can even be done over computer programs. In cognitive behavior group therapy, emphasis is not put much on the number of members attending the sessions with the therapist. It works because the interaction between the therapist and the patients, and the patient and the patient actually matters in the success of the approach. To a greater extent, cognitive behavior group therapy is a collaborative process between the patients and their therapist. In other terms, if there is no cordial relationship between the two, then the approach cannot work at all (Yalom and Leszcz, 2005, 153). This is unlike the case in the Yalom’s therapy model; whereby the whole thing i s a group affair whereby the larger the numbers the better the clients benefit because they need each other’s experience so as to find solutions to psychological problems affecting them. Therefore the number of clients attending the sessions in this model really matters to the success of the approach. Yaloms model does not need so much the collaboration between the client and the therapist. In terms of composition of members it is clear that Yalom’s model uses certain criteria in the selection of membership. For instance, exclusion criteria are often used in the selection process (Yalom and Leszcz, 2005, p.153). Inclusion criteria are also adopted in the model, basing on the level of motivation between members. This is unlike the situation in the cognitive behavior model. But overall, both models of behavior change have membership and the involved members, who attend the therapy sessions for them to find solutions to their psychological problems.Advertising We wil l write a custom essay sample on Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy and Yalom’s Therapy Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Aims and Objectives Looking at the aims and objectives of both models, it is vital to underscore the fact that both models aim at improving the behavior of the clients through the psychological processes (Callahan, 2004, p.502). They therefore help the client to overcome psychological problems that threaten their existence in the world. Cognitive behavior group therapy model can be looked at to be targeting a patient-therapists communication and patient-patient communication as well in order to help solve psychological problems within the group and provide them with a chance to fight against their social phobia. The Yalom’s model can be considered to be focused on creating a group environment to facilitate sharing of experiences between the clients in order to learn from each others experiences and solve their own psychological problems. Process Structure In terms of process and structure of the models, it is important to point out that Yalom’s model is organized in the way that the groups form the basic structure of the model. The clients with psychological problems are involved in certain group activities for their own benefits. Group participation in this model is greatly enhanced by creating the necessary cognitive structures and further clarification of misconceptions (Callahan, 2004, p.502). However, in this model, group cohesiveness is emphasized because of the benefits, which are inherent to the group members. According to the proponent of this model, cohesiveness is a precondition for the success of the therapy, because it determines the functionality of the other therapeutic factors. Some of them are doomed not to work if this precondition is not adequately addressed. This structure is not the same as that of cognitive behavior group therapy, whereby group c ohesiveness is not a precondition for the success of the therapy. In this approach, the members do not enjoy the love and warmth of the other group members. The sense of belonging and unconditional acceptance in not found in the process of cognitive behavior group therapy because lack of this cohesiveness. In group therapy and Yalom’s model, the clients in groups are likely to reach high levels of self-awareness unlike in the other case. This is through such important techniques like feedback that mainly imparts on the life of others, who are in the same group. This cannot be the same in the cognitive behavior group therapy (Corey 2005, p.461).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Furthermore, in Yalom’s model form of therapy, patients are thoroughly questioned and after the one discovers what he needs in life. It enables one understand a reality on issues such as death, this form obesity form according to enable one to understand how freedom and responsibility go hard in hard. Yalom includes one specialist and an individual faced with a problem. One person is thoroughly questioned unlike for CBT where we can have a group of people therapy 6- 10. According to there is no fixed life for an individual. In Yalom’s form of therapy, the individual with a problem is the only one who meets with the therapist unlike for the CBT whereby we can have a group that can consist of six people or more. Another difference is that in Yalom’s model, one is asked questions and the help he gets depends on the evaluation made by the therapist (Corey, 2005, p.153). In terms of process, it is important not to overlook the fact that, in both models, the feedback is provided and is quite essential for the personal development of each client. There is also the issue of giving out to receive in both models in the sense that in Yalom’s model one has to understand the value of giving before having the intrinsic drive to share out experiences with others and at the same time gain from others. In the cognitive behavior model it becomes inevitable for the client to be willing to give out information after a cordial relationship is established with the therapist (Corey, 2005, p. 490). In both models, there is the imparting of information to the clients. This is normally through instructional methods, giving of advice and making suggestions to the clients. In both models, there is evidence of the therapist instilling the aspect of hope in the clients. This is very essential to keep the clients in the process of therapeutic change. Without hope in the process, most clients would fall out before they archive the desired results. In Yalom†™s model, faith is itself a therapeutic process and can facilitate change in the behavior of the client. Conclusion In conclusion, it is important to note that the two models of psychiatry under consideration share things, which are in common and differ in a number of areas as it has already been mentioned. The success of each of them remains attached to the commitment of both the client and the therapist in the process. The interpersonal process within a group has had a considerable impact on me personally. Firstly, I have gained a lot in terms of self-awareness from both the group and even from the outside. From inside the group, I was able to interact with all the group members, and we had a very cordial relationship that facilitated openness to one another. I could not believe hearing what some of my friends were revealing to me. From this interaction, I can say that I have been able to discover more about myself as an individual than I used to be in the past before the thera py. Outside the group, I managed to open up well to inside the group and was able to discover much about my behavior. During the therapy, I was involved in numerous group discussions too much, and it turned out to be very useful to me. These group discussions were very free, and everybody was willing to give out his/her own contribution; such activities were actually too exciting, because as it was necessary, each shared own experiences and emotions (Christner, et al., 2007, p.359). It was very easy to respond to the questions from the group members and ask them more questions that helped to disentangle some mysteries. Through this kind of feedback, it was so easy to find solutions to some of the behavior problems that I had. Another important issue to mention is all about the appearance in the group activities. I can say that my presence in the group was easily noticeable by other group members. Through the processes in the therapy, I also understood better what is actually requir ed in terms of the group process. Now, I better comprehend the issues, which are important for the success of the entire process: they are the composition of the group and proper selection of its members. Now, I am in the better informed position concerning the issue of group organization that should be planned on a high level (Christner, et al., 2007, p. 150) and participation of the members and this have had an impact on my organizational skills. I am also able to form a group in the same setting and help the members go through the process successfully in order to get solutions to their psychological problems. The theory that I have learnt concerning psychological problems was easily applied in my real life situation. By this, I mean that I experienced instances of rising anxiety within me. For instance, when there was an intense argument within the group members concerning an obvious issue. I was feeling anxious and I have gradually been able to manage the anxiety by applying the theories I have learnt toward the end. I never clued with any one in the group and other with me in the result of understanding of own feelings, values, and anxiety. During the group activities, I cannot fail to mention that I managed to express emotions that I have not experienced in the past. For example, there is a group member, who gave out a very strong revelation, and I can tell that I was really feeling for her just because of what she has had to go through. The way, she brought out the story, got into me so much that I was feeling that I was the one going through the same situation. My experience helped me to comprehend one simple idea that has been already suggested by many other scholars: interpersonal-psychodynamic group therapy is considered to be a really powerful means and approach for those, who want to improve own life and get rid of past problems (Callahan, 2004, p.491). In general, I can conclude by noting that the group therapy, I went through, has greatly i mpacted on my life in a very positive way as far as psychological development is concerned. I have achieved self-improvement by means of the process of interaction with both the group members and outside the group. Reference List Billow, R. (2005). Bion Today. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 55(4), 613-23. Callahan, K. L., Price, J. L., and Hilsenroth, M. J. A Review of Interpersonal-Psychodynamic Group Psychotherapy Outcomes for Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 54(4), 491-519. Christner, R. W., Stewart, J. L., and Freeman, A. (2007). Handbook of Cognitive-Behavior Group Therapy with Children and Adolescents: Specific Settings and Presenting Problems. New York, NY: Routledge. Corey, G. (2005). Theory and Practice of Counselling and Psychotherapy. Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks-Cole. Joyce A., S., Piper W.E., and Ogrodniczuk J. S. (2007). Therapeutic Alliance and Cohesion Variables as Predictors of Outcome in Short-Term G roup Psychotherapy. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy, 57(3), 269-97 Montgomery, C. (2002).Role of Dynamic Group Therapy in Psychiatry. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment, 8(1), 34-41. Yalom, I. D. and Leszcz, M. (2005). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy. New York: Basic Books This essay on Cognitive Behavior Group Therapy and Yalom’s Therapy Model was written and submitted by user Paityn J. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Genetic Diseases and Disorders (as through animal cloning) essays

Genetic Diseases and Disorders (as through animal cloning) essays Genetics. A science that has through the ages been the center of not only scientific debate but religious and morale ethic discussion. Recent genetics has caused uproar in such discussions especially in the science of the ever growing genetic cloning. Since the successful cloning of many animals such as Dolly the sheep and CC the kitten many have been dreading the appearance of a human clone. Yet even with such outrage the science of cloning has continued its advancement and even has provided hearts to heat failure patients. Yet before all these advancements there was one who began the cycle. She was a sheep and her name was Dolly. Dolly the sheep was first created in the Irish labs of the Roslin Institution in 1996. Yet the accomplishment was not easy. Now when most people think of cloning they think of deformed objects floating mystically in a glass container. However the process is much more complicated than that. In fact there are several types of cloning methods. In Dollys case the process of Reproductive cloning was used. Reproductive cloning is a technology used to generate an animal that has the same nuclear DNA as another currently or previously existing animal. The cloning of Dolly proved that cloning of adult animals could be accomplished. Previously it was not known if an adult nucleus was still able to produce a completely new animal. That was not it in this case. Scientists Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell discovered a method with which to synchronize the cell cycles of the donor nucleus and the host egg cytoplasm. Without synchronized cell cycles the donor nucleus would not be in the c orrect state for the host egg to accept it. The donor cell was forced into the Go stage of the mitotic cell cycle by starving the cells. When the nucleus enters the egg cytoplasm, egg proteins reprogram the chromosomes in the nucleus. The dividing embryo is transferred into the oviduct of a surrogate...

Sustainable Management Features Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Derrick Bell - the Founder of Critical Race Theory Case Study

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Friedrich Froebels Theory and Ideas on Play

Friedrich Froebels Theory and Ideas on Play Discuss Froebels ideas about Play, and the Environments and Resources which support childrens development. Reflect on the Value of Froebels ideas today. Illustrate your answer with examples from your childhood and any observations you have of children at home or in an early years settings. Introduction Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) was a German educator most famous for his insight into the importance of the early years of a childs life to their development and later life. Furthermore he also considered that the effect of early life extended beyond the educational achievement into health and society at large. Froebel created kindergartens (childrens gardens) as he perceived a childs growth to be like a plant growing and thriving where the right conditions exist. Within the kindergartens he utilised his principles and practices, including experience of out of doors activities, as an important part of the educational practice. He developed a series of gifts which are designed to be a gift in two senses: firstly in the sense of being given to the child as a gift and secondly as a gift of development. The gifts, which are learning tools, were planned to be age relevant and to encourage development and self-actualisation in the child (Provenzo, 2009) p88-89). The kindergarten and Froebels approach have had a massive impact on early learning and still has relevance today. Froebels influence in the present day The early years of life are vital to the overall development of a child. During this time the emotional parameters are learned together with ways to interact with others and learning through experiences (Sroufe, 1997 p.1-8). In order to maximise the benefit of this time correct stimulation and provision of tools/toys that will enable the child to explore and learn about themselves and the world around them are necessary. Froebel specifically devised his principles for ages 1-7. The Froebel approach involves the principles, pedagogy and environment. The principles take a holistic view of the individual childs progress and recognises their uniqueness, capacity and potential. In addition play is seen to be fundamental and important in the childs development. Part of the learning includes understanding, and working with, the place of humankind in the natural world. Finally the principles recognise the integrity of childhood and of the child as part of a family and of the community (Hermann, 1926 p.201-205). The pedagogy involves having knowledgeable and appropriately qualified professionals to provide skilled informed observation of the children and provide appropriate guidance and teaching. Key to the process of teaching is that is must reach the imaginative, creative, symbolic, linguistic, mathematical, musical, aesthetic, scientific, physical, social, moral, cultural and spiritual aspects of the child. This clearly shows how wide a range of stimulation is required. The childs development is not just the responsibility of the teachers and it is important that the parents/guardians of the child and their educators work harmoniously together to maintain a consistent approach. Play is central to the process and there needs to be a sense of purpose for the child in that play together with an understanding that the child must be viewed holistically as a thinking, feeling person. Encouragement is used rather than punishment to help the child to expand their self-confidence and autonomy. Play can also be used to help the child learn to be able work alone and also with others (Willinsky, 1990 p154-5) . The environment in which the child is placed will also have an important role in their development. Whilst the environment needs to be safe it must also encourage curiosity, stimulation and challenge. Indoor and outdoor activities widen the possible areas of learning and vary the environment providing interest and variety. Froebal also saw working in an environment that is integral to the community to be important in helping the child to be both independent and interdependent and to understand individuality and community and responsibility and freedom. These basic ideals were set out originally by Froebel in his 1826 book The Education of Man. He viewed his own childhood with limited parental attention and remembered his loneliness and using this as his starting point he developed his ideals. He also drew on the knowledge of previous educators when developing his own system of education (Polito, 1996)(p. 161-173). This point may well need to be revisited now with the advent of computers and television programmes specifically aimed at young children. Research needs to be aimed at determining the effects of lack of face to face attention from parents and other adults at home and learning being handed over to mechanical means. There would appear to be correlations between Froebals situation and that of many children today. Lack of interaction with other children and a range of adults limits the possible range of learning situations and may create problems with social interaction later in life although research into this area needs to be conducted to fully understand the effects. Having only the TV or computer for entertainment will also serious limit the childs imagination through lack of personal interaction and physically being involved in the play. This may affect motor skills too through lack of use and a reduced range of movement. In my own childhood I was always encouraged to use inventive play and would create theatre sets with my friends and we would perform little puppet shows for our parents. This type of play involved a variety of concepts; craft work to create the sets, linguistic skills to write the plays, integrated play by playing with others and dexterity to use puppets. Froebels methods are still valid today and can provide children with a wide range of experiences and instil in them curiosity and interest that can be built upon throughout life. Despite how long ago these principles were first developed they are still fully appropriate today perhaps because they relate to the core aspects of development leaving room for the method to be varied as necessary. The gifts such as gift 2 (a set of 3 blocks one square, one sphere and one cylinder) can be moved together with rods and strings to provide multiple possibilities for interactions. These forms introduce the child to geometry and also allow for free expression within individual play. Gift 2 was a form that so embodied Froebals insights that it was used to create a granite construction over his grave (Froebal webn.d.) [online]. There are many toys available today that have similar possibilities and it is important that children are both allowed to play alone with these items but also that parents share play with them too to help with integrated play. One of the key elements within Froebels thinking was the interaction with nature and the natural world. I remember when I was young that at school we had a wild garden at the rear of the playground and we had classes sitting in that area learning about plants and how they grew taking inspiration from what was growing around us. In current settings some schools are able to encourage children in their own school gardens. Whilst this is not appropriate for very small children their interest and excitement about the outside world can be begun by allowing them to play outside and introducing them to flora and fauna such as watching spring bulbs coming up. Many parents may also need assistance in this area as they have not had these experiences themselves and thus have difficulty in helping their children to develop in this way (Taylor, 2004 p.163-178) . It is, therefore, important that children have access to a variety of environments in order to have the opportunity to understand and learn about different settings. Froebal identified that children will have their own individual thoughts and understanding of the things around them and by interaction and role play develop their knowledge further. (Puckett, 2004 p. 45-6) . He described play as the work of children (Miller, 2009)(p.46-50). The current economic situation may have an impact on the money available to parents. However, children are able to benefit from fewer more appropriate ready-made toys and the freedom to become inventive and create their own entertainment. Children will, for instance, often be more interested in the box something comes in and convert the box into a car or tank or dolls house. Such creative play will expand the childs abilities in many different areas (Robson, 2006 p. 39-55) f. The Government scheme Every Child Matters recognises the importance of the early years of life and sets out a range of proposals to support children, parents and all those involved in the care and education of children (H.M. Government, 2003). Through this provision there is a wide range of information and guidance available that can assist in providing good, safe environments and appropriate resources to facilitate learning. This includes such resources as Early Years Learning and Development Literature Review (available as a free download) produced by the Government which contains a wealth of evidence based information to assist in all areas of child development (Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Family, 2009) Conclusion Froebels vision was clear and detailed and still is equally valid today. The way in which it is expressed may have developed further from the original but the basic principles still hold true. The early years are vital to the overall development of a child so it is very important to provide the best environment and resources to facilitate learning. Most children will need to be able to continue with life-long learning to deal with the challenges presented in adult life so stimulating them early on to enjoy learning and creativity prepares them for their futures. Parents, carers and educators need to be working together in order to provide the best environment and resources for children and give them the very best start in life possible. Bibliography Froebel web. (n.d.). Second Gift. Retrieved March 13th, 2012, from Froebel Web an online resource: http://www.froebelweb.org/gifts/second.html H.M. Government. (2003). Every Child Matters. London: Government. Hermann, M. (1926, April). Froebels Kindergarten and What It Means. The Irish Monthly, 54(634), 201-209. Puckett, M. B. (2004). Teaching Young Children An introduction to the early childhood profession. Canada: Delmar Learning. Robson, S. (2006). Developing thinking and understanding in young children. Oxford: Routledge. Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Family. (2009). Early Years Learning and Development Literature Review. London: H.M. Government. Sroufe, L. A. (1997). Emotional Development : The Organization of Emotional Life in the Early Years. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Taylor, L. C. (2004). Academic Socialization: Understanding Parental Influences on Childrens School-Related Development in the Early Years. Review of General Psychology, 8(3), 163–178. Willinsky, J. R. (1990). The Educational Legacy of Romanticism. Ontario: Wilfred Laurier University Press.

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley Essay -- Inspector Calls Priestle

An Inspector Calls by J.B. Priestley An Inspector Calls, by J.B. Priestly, is the story of the visit by an Inspector to an apparently normal family, the Birlings. They are celebrating Sheila Birling's engagement to Gerald Croft, who is also present, when the Inspector arrives telling them of the suicide of a young girl called Eva Smith. At first they deny any knowledge of the girl, but as the play goes on the Inspector manages to show that they all helped kill her. Mr Birling had her dismissed from his factory for demanding a small increase in wages; Sheila ordered her to be dismissed from her job in a shop simply because of her pride; Gerald Croft kept her as his mistress before leaving her suddenly; Eric Birling (Mr & Mrs Birling's son) also had an affair with the girl and stole money to keep her living; and Mrs Birling used her influence to deny help to Eva Smith when she needed it most, driving her to suicide. After the Inspector's visit we can see which of the characters have learned their lesson from what the Inspector has said and which are steadfastly clinging to their old beliefs. The differing attitudes between the older and younger characters are shown by their conversations following the Inspector's departure. It is Birling's speech in Act 1 that sets the scene for the action in the play. Birling is confidently talking to Eric and Gerald about what he thinks about the future. He thinks of everything in business terms (for example, he says to Gerald that he hopes that his firm and Gerald's father's will become partners) and also is a man who thinks that a man should make his own way in life and does not believe in living in a "community. He disregards the people who preach this philos... ...ia and the Germans invaded Belgium, sending Britain and France into battle. The result was a hellish war in which millions died. Had the countries been able to live together then there would not have been a war. The fact that the play was written in the midst of the Second World War suggests that Priestly was saying that the lessons of what happened in the First World War had not been learned. In summary, An Inspector Calls details the differing attitudes of the Birling family to the events leading to Eva Smith's death and how they accept the responsibility for their actions. The older characters are too rigid to change but the younger ones are able to see their faults and accept what they have done is wrong. The play also reflects various cultural, social and historical, which reflect on the time both in which the play is set in and when it was written.

Narrative Writing & Tupac Essay

American rapper, actor, activist, poet 2Pac was truly one of hip hop’s most distinctively talented artists and indeed, a dynamically influential figure who conveyed his introspective thoughts through such vibrantly resonating music and lyrics. However, 2Pac’s journey to glory and recognition was filled only with many intricacies and hardships but fuelled only by gifted ability, wit, heart and sheer passion. Many could either label him from anywhere as both a thug and gangster or a natural born leader and poet—but 2pac emphasized: â€Å"Measure a man by his actions fully, with his whole life from the beginning to the end† (qtd. in Lazin). Born Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16, 1971) in East Harlem, New York, 2pac was named after a proud Inca chief from South America by his mother who was a key member of the Black Panther. Due to her significant affiliation with the movement, Afeni Shakur was incarcerated during her pregnancy to her son. 2pac admits the absolute admiration he has for his mother for being able to withstand all adversity and eventually giving birth to him, affectionately mentioning her as a â€Å"strong black woman†(Lazin). 2pac values his mother’s teaching of raising him and his sister to be community-oriented and socially aware, amidst the financial shortcomings they faced. 2pac categorizes their financial status then as being â€Å"stone broke† as they did not have luxuries or even necessities which he thought they needed. Growing up, 2pac had no real father figure to look up to—he stresses such longing in saying that â€Å"You need a man to teach you how to be a man† (qtd. in Lazin). Due to his troubles to gain a steady source of income, his mother decided to move to Baltimore. There, 2pac was enrolled in the Baltimore School of Arts and spent three years there learning assorted facets of art and meeting various individuals-turned-friends. In the process of education, 2pac pin points one major flaw of lack of shedding light into life’s reality. In his observation of the social and economic inequality, he states, â€Å"Rich people should live like poor people, and poor people should live like rich people. They should change every week† (qtd. in Lazin). In attempt to escape poverty and violence, 2pac moved to California only to realize the same poverty element shared by the â€Å"black community. † Yet, amidst it all, he stayed strong. After having decided to move out of his mother’s house and authority, with no other choice, 2pac resorted to the ways of street life in which he cites how he found father-figures in the form of drug-dealers, pimps, and criminals. It was in the streets that his rather sharp tongue was cultivated: â€Å"The words that I say are the words that don’t come out from a mother’s mouth or a father’s mouth† (2Pac qtd. in Lazin). Eventually dropping out from high school, 2Pac had a short turn in selling drugs but was advised later on by the same people— his co-drug dealers, who later stood as financial sponsors for him to follow his dreams in music. 2pac professionally started in an early nineties hip hop group known as the â€Å"Digital Underground. † Shock G, leader of the group, gave opportune chances for 2Pac as he was starting out—free style raps during performances and songs, having him belong in the group as a roadie and taking him in. After having some songs under his belt and being recognized for his talent by major music labels and prominent figures such as Interscope and Ted Field, â€Å"2Pacalypse Now† was released as his first platinum album in which he tackled major social issues and expressed and stimulated the pain he dealt with throughout his childhood. This was the beginning of a series of albums that were not only of commercial and critical success but also were of social significance. As 2Pac’s fame grew, he opted to stretch his skills for the silver-screen, through films such as â€Å"Juice† (1992), â€Å"Poetic Justice† (1993), and â€Å"Above the Rim† (1994) which displayed both his aggressive and sensitive strengths in his character and also, acting prowess. As his messages of social awareness come across even more, 2Pac stressed his personal take and concept of how he wants to empower the youth, the oppressed, and the ill-fated through his idealistic but rather controversial theme of â€Å"Thug Life. † However, there were rather social distortions in between 2Pac’s and the media’s meaning. Hence, in a subjective interpretation, 2Pac explains that this idea has nothing to do with the dictionary’s definition of thug; rather, it pertains to the underdog who chooses to overcome each life’s seemingly hopeless obstacles with pride, dignity, and courage. His fame was often accompanied by many sorts of controversy which included a violent altercation with a limousine driver, clashes with rightist group members like C. Dolores Tucker and William Bennett, to the news and media pertaining to his lyrics content, and even assault, which took quite heavy blows upon him. Most especially on life and freedom threatening occurrences, after being a victim of a shooting, he was later convicted to serve a prison sentence due to losing to charges of rape. His prison stint, only gave rose to strength and experience in him becoming a better man of insight in life’s truths. In addition, while serving his sentence, his music still crossed-over to the hearts and minds of millions. With all of these, he realized his irresponsible actions, mistakes, and rather wrong decision making of what to say, what to do, and how to act. After being bailed out through a record deal with CEO with a criminal past, Suge Knight and his music label, Death Row Records, 2Pac was freed and at once focused on getting his music on the rise again. Despite having freedom, 2Pac had to face an assortment of financial battles, just as so as he would not to go back to jail. As 2Pac music rode the Death Row banner high and proud, together with peers such as Dr. Dre and Snoop Doggy Dogg, a feud between East Coast and West Coast rapper grew, but 2Pac stresses that such tension was rooted only and mainly on two men—him and East Coast rapper Notorious B. I. G. 2Pac understood the effects of such strain of which he felt responsible for and said that â€Å"I hope we would exercise greater restraint,† pertaining to the situation (qtd. in Lazin). Amidst all the past difficulties and pressing danger, 2Pac kept a strong outlook on life: â€Å"I felt that the only thing that could kill me is death, and even then, my music will live forever† (qtd. in Lazin). While in Las Vegas, after a Mike Tyson-Bruce Seldon bout, a car pulled up alongside were Suge Knight, and 2Pac was positioned then open fired upon by four gunmen as they were supposedly headed to a night club. After undergoing two surgeries, having a lung removed and despite having a surge of praying fans outside the hospital of which were he stayed, 2Pac passed away with his truth message and true music of which he left behind to us. His legacy would never be forgotten for his music captured continuing struggles of the common man who only demanded for change, progress, and the right to have a better future. Tupac Amaru Shakur indeed was a warrior and prophet, despite the controversy, despite the media frenzy he had to go through, and despite everything else. Indeed, his message is powerful: â€Å"I’m not saying I’m going to change the world, but I guarantee you that I will spark the brains that will change the world. So, keep you head up† (2Pac qtd. in Lazin). Works Cited Lazin, Lauren. Tupac: Resurrection. Los Angeles, California: Paramount Pictures, 2003.

Applications for Canadian Permanent Resident Cards

Applications for Canadian Permanent Resident Cards Updated: 08/12/07 Who Should Apply for a Canadian Permanent Resident Card Canadian immigrants with permanent resident status who arrived in Canada before June 28, 2002 should apply for a Permanent Resident Card. The card replaces the IMM 1000 document. After December 31, 2003 all Canadian permanent residents, including children, returning to Canada by commercial vehicle (plane, boat, train or bus) must use the new card to prove their permanent resident status. Permanent Resident Cards are generally issued for five years, or in exceptional circumstances for one year. Permanent residents who plan to travel overseas should obtain a Permanent Resident Card before their departure. You should apply for a Permanent Resident Card at least two months before your departure. Processing times may vary, so check current processing times provided by Canada Citizenship and Immigration and adjust accordingly. Immigrants who became Canadian permanent residents on or after June 28, 2002 do not need to apply for a Permanent Resident Card. A Permanent Resident Card should have been mailed to you automatically. If you did not provide a mailing address to the Canada Border Services Agency when you entered Canada, you should do so as soon as possible. You must provide your mailing address within 180 days of entering Canada, or you will have to apply for a Permanent Resident Card and pay the appropriate fee. You can provide your mailing address online or by contacting the Permanent Resident Card Call Centre. Renewal of Permanent Resident Cards Since Permanent Resident Cards are issued for five years, or in some cases one year, permanent residents should check the expiry date on their PR Card if they plan to travel outside Canada. Five-year permanent resident cards began expiring in July 2007. Be sure to apply for a new Permanent Resident Card at least two months before you plan to leave the country. Permanent Resident Card Application Kits and Forms You can download the Permanent Resident Card application kit and forms from the Citizenship and Immigration Canada site. The forms must be completed, signed and mailed to the address given on the form. Detailed instructions on completing the form and the documents required to be included with the form are given in the application guide that comes with the kit. If you wish to have a printed application kit mailed to you, you can call the Permanent Resident Call Centre at 1-888-242-2100. Kits can only be sent to addresses in Canada. Allow at least two weeks for delivery. Application Fees for Permanent Resident Cards The fee for processing a Permanent Resident Card application is $50.00. Fees are subject to change. There are two ways to pay the application fee. Pay onlinePay your fee at a financial institution in Canada. To pay the fee, you must complete an original of the Fees Receipt Form IMM 5401, and take it to a financial institution with your payment. The bank will stamp the receipt form. You then attach the middle portion (Copy 2) to your Permanent Resident Card application. The fee is not refundable. Urgent Cases If you plan to travel outside Canada and do not think you will have time to get a Permanent Resident Card before you leave Canada, Citizenship and Immigration Canada may be able to process your application on an urgent basis. Check Information Regarding Urgent Cases to find out how to request that your application be processed on an urgent basis. Permanent residents wanting to return to Canada who do not have a Permanent Resident Card may contact the nearest Canadian visa office to obtain a limited use travel document to re-enter Canada at a cost of $50 each. You can download the application for a travel document (permanent resident abroad) online. Check the Status of Your Permanent Resident Card Application To check on the status of your Permanent Resident Card application, you can use the Canadian Immigration Client Application Status tool. Please note that the status of your application will not show in the Client Application Status tool until Citizenship and Immigration Canada has begun processing your application. To find out how long it may take to process your application, check the current processing times. There is no point in checking on the status of your application unless the specified processing time has passed. Questions About Your Permanent Resident Card Application If you have questions about your Permanent Resident Card Application, contact the Citizenship and Immigration Canada Call Centre if you are in Canada, or your local visa office if you are outside Canada.

Tibet

Tibet is a peaceful country, which has never posed a threat to another nation and has even been thought of as the most religious country in the world. However, Tibet was invaded and annexed by China in 1950. Yet, China asserts that Tibet should be rightfully under its control. They argue that the Tibetans have signed documents that invited the Chinese to occupy Tibet in order to help the Tibetans. The Chinese claim to have greatly improved the conditions of Tibet, bringing them such luxuries as electricity and roads. Despite all of these claims, China has, in reality, illegally occupied Tibet, manipulated Tibetans, caused others to flee, oppressed the religion of Tibet, transferred many Chinese people to Tibet, slaughtered thousands of Tibetans, violated the rights of Tibetans, and tried to disguise what they have done by using propaganda. Thus, China must leave Tibet and bestow autonomy to Tibet, allowing Tibet to operate independently as they have successfully for cent! China is a neighbor to the small Buddhist country Tibet. Tibet and China have endured a state of mutual respect for centuries. At other times China invaded Tibet, however Tibet also invaded China in the past. Throughout their history together there is no proof at all that Tibet was ever a part of China (Dalai Lama 57). In the late 1940s China became a communist government. After their political transfer, China then began to spy on Tibet. Finding that Tibet had a weak military, the Chinese moved their forces to Tibets eastern border and then attacked without a formal warning. The Chinese abused Tibetan delegates and forced them to sign a treaty allowing Chinese troops to enter Tibet. The Chinese insisted that they were only in Tibet to help the people and to protect them from imperialist nations, when in fact the Chinese were the only imperialists in Tibet (67). The Chinese said that once they had finished assisting the Tib...

Analysis of company (Netflix) Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of company (Netflix) - Coursework Example The company was established in 1997 by Reed Hastings. Its headquarters are located in Los Gatos, California. The organization offers proprietary recommendations and merchandising services that aid the subscribers to choose from the extensive digital title library. The company’s mission is becoming an early novel technology adapter that will satisfy consumers’ exact wants. The vision of the organization is to endeavors to be the best international entertainment distribution service. It also wants to; generate accessible markets particularly, to filmmakers; license entertainment content globally; and assist content creators globally to find an international audience. Currently, to achieve its vision, Netflix Inc. applies an extensive differentiation strategy. The differentiation was established through reducing the general prices of renting DVDs, improving customer satisfaction, providing all-inclusive customer service and constantly innovating throughout the years (Resea rch and Markets 2012, n.p) . PART 1: EXTERNAL ANALYSIS The purpose of this section is to analyse the external environment of the company. This includes the macro environment, the industry analysis, and SWOT analysis. 1.1 Macro-Environmental Analysis Like other organizations in the industry of movie rentals, Netflix is cause to experience technological, social, economic, and political macro-environmental factors. Political and Legal factors – with regard to these facets, the company could be influenced through altering laws relating to copyrights of some content types, for instance television and movie shows that Netflix depends on to offer the clients (Krengel et al. 2010, p. 23). Economic factors – To sustain a competitive advantage, Netflix is compelled to price aggressively against competitors. The Company maneuvers in an industry that depends principally on the consumer’s disposable income. If economic increase were to dwindle, while there was a negative inf luence of the consumers’ purchasing power, the organizations in the industry would experience the negative impacts of the reduced purchasing power first. Social factors – The Company depends on the movie popularity among the target market segments. The consumption becomes less popular among the older demographic as the average population age continues to become older. This leads to negative influence of the business. Business could be negatively influenced if the online movie consumption became un-preferred among large population segments. Technological factors – Technologically, since Netflix is an internet-based company, it must compete with the continuously evolving internet, since the industry progresses toward online consumptions (May 2010, p. 21). 1.2 INDUSTRY ANALYSIS: Porter’s Five Forces Rivalry among Organisations Direct rivals threaten the task environment of Netflix. Exclusive content contracts present as a threat to the company’s task environment. This presents as a constriction for the Netflix access to particular content (Thompson & Martin 2010, p. 92). Entry of Novel Competitors Entry of novel of

SUBARANOIDAL hemorrhage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

SUBARANOIDAL hemorrhage - Essay Example A patient suffering from vasculitis may also experience symptoms related to this disorder. The blood vessels inside the brain of such a patient becomes inflamed which when not treated in time causes bursting of the vessels (Porth, 2011). Subaranoidal hemorrhage impairs the ability of the cerebral circulation to sustain a steady cerebral blood flow within the brain by unbalancing the regulation of cerebral blood flow by the small arteries and arterioles located in the brain (Porth, 2011). SAH can further cause blood to leak into the cerebrospinal fluid forming a clot which blocks cerebrospinal circulation. This blocking of CSF causes the fluid to buildup, a condition which can lead to hydrocephalus. Hydrocephalus causes the ventricles within the CSF to increase in size making it difficult for patients to coordinate body functions. However, this fluid swelling can be intervened by putting a drain in the ventricles. When this condition is not treated in time, blood leaking from a torn aneurysm can damage nearby brain cells leading to mental complications and physical